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NURS 8022 Final Exam – Question and Answers

1. A high school football player is hit hard in the helmet, losses consciousness for approximately 8 minutes, and when he wakes up he is confused.  He is removed from the game and examined by an onsite medical professional who determines the player has suffered a Grade ______ concussion.
2. A 12-year-old boy was walking in the woods and was bitten by a tick.  He presents to the pediatrician with complaints of fever, malaise, joint pain, and a rash.  The NP suspects Lyme disease and knows that theses symptoms are indicative of localized infection.  In this early stage of Lyme disease the rash is known as_________________
3. Communicating hydrocephalus is caused by an impairment of the:
4. A patient scrapes the knee while playing soccer and complains of sharp and well-localized pain.  Which of the following should the NP document to most accurately characterize the pain?
5. Which answer indicates that a NP understands regeneration of neurons? Neurons that have the capacity for regeneration include:
6. In acute hypothermia, what physiological change shunts blood away from the colder skin to the body core in an effort to decrease heat loss?
7. A 52-year-old male patient presents with scaly, thick, silvery, and elevated lesions on his elbow.  The skin appears thickened on exam.  The NP knows that this disorder is a result of___________.
8. Afferent neurons are ________________ neurons and carry impulses from the _______________ to the __________________.
9. A 40-year-old male complains of uncontrolled excessive movement and progressive dysfunction of intellectual and thought processes.  He is experiencing movement problems that begin in the face and arms that eventually affect the entire body.  The most likely diagnosis is:
10. A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis fractures her leg at a location of preexisting abnormality. She reports that the fracture occurred following a minor fall. Which of the following best describes the fracture?
11. A 19-year-old female developed a circular, demarcated, and salmon-pink lesion. Two weeks later she developed more lesions over the trunk and upper part of the extremities. The diagnosis is pityriasis rosea, and the NP knows the disorder is normally associated with a:
12. Hikers are attempting to cross the Arizona desert with a small supply of water.  The temperatures cause them to sweat profusely, become dehydrated, with nausea and slight confusion.  The hikers are likely experiencing
13. The main area where somatic sensory input is received is in the _________________________.
14. A patient presents to the hospital with history of recent viral infection. He now has a complaint of weakness that started in legs and is moving up his body.  The practitioner knows that the pathophysiology of this disorder is:
15. Which term is used to identify the temporary displacement of two bones causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact?
16. Upper motor neuron syndromes cause _________paresis or paralysis.
17. A 65-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with a pathologic, compound, transverse fracture of the femur. Which of the following statements best describes this type of fracture?
18. Dark urine in rhabdomyolysis is the result of the presence of what product in the urine?
19. A 70-year-old male presents with back pain, fever, and weight loss. He reports that he had a recent respiratory infection from which he thought he recovered. Tests revealed increased white blood cell count, and a diagnosis of endogenous osteomyelitis was made. The primary organism causing this condition is:
20. A patient is diagnosed with a thrombotic CVA. The provider would explain to the patient that most thrombotic strokes are the result of what?
21. A 23-year-old female begins having problems with tiredness, weakness, and visual changes. Her diagnosis is multiple sclerosis (MS). What is occurring in the patient’s body?
22. Considering the pathophysiologic process of osteoporosis, after being activated by RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor ?B ligand); RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor ?B) activates which of the following?
23. A 9-year-old male presents with severe erythematous bullous lesions that are believed to be an adverse response to a medication.  Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
24. A nursing faculty member is describing a type of muscle contraction characterized by the muscle maintaining a constant length as tension is increased.  The student knows that the faculty member is describing _______________.
25. _______________ is associated with the clinical development of confusion, forgetfulness, emotional upset.  Pathologically there is the development of neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, and amyloid deposits.
26. Tumors that arise from chondroblasts are which type of tumor?
27. A 75-year-old male experienced a lacunar stroke.  When looking through the history of the patient’s chart, which of the following would the nurse expect to find?
28. Lesions that usually have depressed centers with rolled borders and are frequently located on the face and neck characterize which type of skin malignancy?
29. When taking a patient’s temperature, which principle should the NP remember?  Regulation of body temperature primarily occurs in the
30. The final stage of gout, characterized by crystalline deposits in cartilage, synovial membranes, and soft tissue, is called:
31. A neurologist is teaching about the region responsible for motor aspects of speech.  Which area is the neurologist discussing?
32. A 20-year-old male was at the supermarket when he fell to the ground.  Bystanders reported that he lost consciousness and his body tensed up and then relaxed, then tensed and relaxed several times.  He most likely was experiencing a(n):
33. A  54-year-old was recently diagnosed with osteoarthritis.   This condition is characterized by loss of:
34. Presbyopia is a result of __________________.
35. A patient is taking a medication that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Which of the following would the NP expect to find while examining the patient?
36. In pain modulation when a normally nonpainful stimulus induces pain this is known as?
37. An NP assesses a patient with a history of a spinal cord injury, and on exam the NP identifies a pressure wound over the patient’s sacrum with partial-thickness skin loss involving epidermis. The NP knows to document in the patient’s chart that the pressure ulcer is a Stage _________.
38. When assessing a patient with scleroderma, which changes in the skin will be observed?
39. Blistering of the skin within minutes occurs in which type of burn injury?
40. A 45-year-old male was previously diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease.  He has impaired fine repetitive motor movements.  Which of the following areas does the NP suspect is most likely damaged?
41. The NP notices on the exam that a patient’s tongue does not protrude in the midline.  The NP knows that this represents a deficit in which the cranial nerve?
42. A 48-year-old female presents to the ER reporting an acute severe headache, nausea, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity.  What does the NP suspect cause these signs and symptoms?
43. Which bone cells function to maintain the bone matrix?
44. A  34-year-old female was recently diagnosed with RA.  Physical examination revealed that inflammation started in the:
45. A 42-year-old female presents with raised red lesions with a brownish scale. She was diagnosed with discoid lupus erythematosus. A clinician recalls this disorder is related to:
46. A 10-year-old male is given penicillin for an infection. He has an allergic reaction, during which he develops urticarial lesions. These lesions are mediated by the release of
47. A student knows that a carbuncle is a(n):
48. A patient with Brown -sequard syndrome will present with__________paralysis/paresis, ____________loss of vibration and position sense, with _____________loss of pain and temperature sensation
49. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs in cycles approximately every:
50. A 36-year-old male patient presents to the office with complaint of visual disturbances and impaired motor function.  The NP suspects Paget’s disease.  The NP explains that this disorder is a result of ____________________.
51. A 70-year-old female presents with a hip fracture. She is diagnosed with osteoporosis. One factor that most likely contributed to her condition is:
52. A 20-year-old male patient presents to his primary care provider complaining of an erythematous, pruritic, rash with vesicular lesions.  The provider knows that this is allergic contact dermatitis.  This inflammatory skin disorder is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction
53. A 23-year-old female is concerned about several pigmented skin lesions on her body.  Her primary care provider tells her that these lesions must be monitored because of their ability to transform into malignant melanoma.  These lesions are referred to as:
54. The NP is assessing the patient with a penlight.  The integrity of which cranial nerve is being evaluated?
55. Which of the following disorders is most likely the result of amplified pain transmission and interpretation or allodynia?
56. A 25-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting a sports injury.  Work up reveals a parial injury to the ligament.  The most likely diagnosis is:
57. While planning care for a patient with an epidural hematoma, which principle should the NP remember? The main source of bleeding in extradural (epidural) hematomas is:
58. A patient was involved in a house fire and has burns to 20% of his body. The burn involves the entire dermis, but has spared the dermal appendages.  The provider knows that this represents what type of burn?  
59. The alteration of which gene is associated with basal cell carcinoma?
60. A 30y/o patient presents with a history of a fracture in the humerus.  The patient is now complaining of swelling, intense pain, his arm turning pale and numbness in the arm.  The most likely diagnosis is?
61. Which person is at the greatest risk for developing delirium?
62. When the physical therapist is describing a freely movable joint, which term should be used?
63. A 70-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting loss of vision.  He reports that he has HTN and smokes cigarettes.  Which of the following disorders is most likely causing his visual loss?
64. Bone is unique in that it does not create scar tissue as it heals, instead new bone in created.  Which statement correctly describes a step in this process
65. Six weeks ago a female patient suffered a T6 spinal cord injury.  She then developed a blood pressure of 200/120, a severe headache, blurred vision, and bradycardia.  What does the NP suspect the patient is experiencing?
66. A 36-year-old complains of pain and weakness in the elbow.  He reports that he is a warehouse worker and lifts boxes daily.   MRI reveals inflammation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon where it attaches to the bone.  This condition is called:
67. A 46-year-old male presented with severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the right big toe.  He was diagnosed with gouty arthritis.  The symptoms he experienced are caused by the crystallization of _______ within the synovial fluid.
68. A 45-year-old male is diagnosed Lichen planus.  The NP knows that this disorder is a result of ________ and results in lesions that are_________.
69. A 51-year-old is seen in the ER with a complaint of a unilateral h/a, associated with n/v, and photophobia.  The most likely diagnosis is___________headache. 
70. A 70-year-old female presents with pain over her lateral hip.  She has been diagnosed with greater trochanter bursitis.  The practitioner knows that this is:
71. The NP knows that thermal, sharp, and localized pain is carried by which primary-order neurons in relation to the neuroanatomy of pain?
72. Which statement by a patient indicates teaching was successful regarding myasthenia gravis.  Myasthenia gravis results from:
73. When a patient asks, “What is the cause of multiple sclerosis?” how should the NP reply? The cause of MS seems to be an interaction between:
74. Most dysphasia are associated with a CVA involving which cerebral artery?
75. A neuro intensivist states that the patient has vasogenic edema. The NP realizes vasogenic edema is clinically important because:
76. The provider knows that many proprioceptive alterations are related to disturbances ____________________.
77. A 21-year-old female presents with low back pain and stiffness that is alleviated by physical activity. She was diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The first joint to be affected would be the:
78. A 72-year-old male demonstrates the left-sided weakness of the upper and lower extremities.  The symptoms lasted 20 minutes and resolved with no evidence of infarction.  The patient most likely experienced a(n):