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NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology Final Exam – Ramussen

184 Question and Answers

1. Neither recessive nor dominant—co-dominant.
2. blood flow reestablished to quickly
3. Life-threatening complication of many conditions
4. thyroid gland – T3, T4, calcitonin parathyroid gland – parathyroid hormone
5. altered level of consciousness BP drops
6. chest pain that occurs while a person is at rest and not exerting himself does not get better
7. Abnormally low white blood cell count
8. damage to the alveoli air can get in, but not out emphysema lecture
9. Manifestations
10. Not enough ADH
11. Homozygous.
12. Frequently caused by aspirin—prevents the conversion of prostaglandins, which stimulate leukotriene release, a powerful bronchoconstrictor.
13. pulmonary edema, wet coughing, shortness of breath, and dyspnea
14. Result from direct injury to the spinal cord or indirectly from damage to surrounding bones, tissues, or blood vessels.
15. high blood pressure damages two organs
16. Tends to be more sudden and severe
17. Chronic inflammatory disease characterized by thickening and hardening of the arterial wall.
18. kidney injury and prerenal injury can lead to
19. Second most common blood cancer
20. Increased volume in the cranial cavity
21. Thalassemia major is the most severe form of beta thalassemia. It develops when beta globin genes are missing. The symptoms of thalassemia major generally appear before a child’s second birthday. The severe anemia related to this condition can be life-threatening.
22. Left ventricle cannot maintain adequate cardiac output.
23. decreased blood volume
24. Blue bloaters”
25. Prolonged elevation in blood pressure.
26. strokes caused by blockage in a blood vessel in the brain Ischemic damage is permanent
27. Staging
28. make glucagon – helps raise blood sugar levels
29. has Reed-Sternberg cells
30. Manifestations: dyspnea, labored and shallow respirations, rales, productive cough with frothy sputum, hypoxia, cyanosis, fever, hypotension, tachycardia, restlessness, confusion, lethargy, and anxiety
31. inflammation of the meninges
32. damage to the brain caused by a different disorder injury responding to something else
33. Another word for homeostasis
34. No Reed-Sternberg cells
35. objective evidence of disease such as a fever
36. Primary Infection
37. Caused by a reaction to substances at work.
38. Debilitating chronic disorders characterized by irreversible, progressive tissue degeneration and airway obstruction.
39. shows brain’s electrical activity by positioning electrodes over the scalp
40. Vary depending on the degree of damage and the specific nerves affected.
41. Heterozygous.
42. paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement no cure can be first noticed in utero
43. A condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both.
44. make insulin – take glucose into cells
45. Manifestations
46. Acquired outside the hospital or healthcare setting
47. Most common form Develops gradually over time
48. Decreased blood volume or circulatory stagnation resulting in inadequate tissue and organ perfusion
49. Makes protein
50. Rapidly developing respiratory failure
51. acidosis alkalosis respiratory metabolic
52. widespread simultaneous bleeding and clotting
53. Result from meningeal irritation and neurologic damage.
54. level of consciousness
55. What to do if a suspected spinal cord injury
56. oxygen levels are down CO2 levels are up
57. X-linked recessive bleeding disorder
58. Venous return reduces because of external blood volume losses.
59. Manifestations: leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphadenopathy, joint swelling, bone pain, weight loss, anorexia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and central nervous system dysfunction
60. fast metabolism weight loss thin agitated elevated HR hot
61. a hormone cascade pathway that helps regulate blood pressure and blood volume kidney secretes it
62. An inflammation of the skin caused by having contact with allergens
63. Confined to a single lobe
64. pressure inside the skull swelling in brain
65. inflammation of the appendix right lower quadrant pain
66. Develops more than 48 hours after a hospital admission
67. the gland that secretes ADH Anti-diuretic hormone also called vasopressin
68. syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone too much ADH
69. Affects primarily adults
70. chest pain that persists shoulder pain jaw pain
71. 22-26
72. pH below 7.35
73. pH above 7.45
74. subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache
75. Causes: infectious agents, injurious agents or events, and pulmonary secretion stasis
76. Excessive allergic reaction
77. Complications: myocardial infarction, heart failure, dysrhythmias, and sudden death
78. occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures; also known as a bleed
79. both sides of heart failure will cause this to be compromised
80. Inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree or large bronchi
81. Occurs in the areas between the alveoli
82. demyelination – destruction to the myelin sheath disruptions in nerve impulse conduction
83. calcium and phosphorus are stored there
84. “Pink puffers.”
85. Causes: impaired gag reflex, improper lower esophageal sphincter closure, inappropriate gastric tube placement
86. system wide infection severe inflammation due to a pathogen
87. atherosclerotic plaque builds up and damages the endothelium of the coronary arteries
88. stress hormone released by the adrenal glands on kidneys
89. computed tomography scan
90. Narrowing of the peripheral vessels
91. A genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems. excessive amounts of mucus in lungs
92. Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, usually resulting from an infection.
93. fatigue pale shortness of breath heavy breathing
94. a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol
95. chest pain that occurs when a person is active or under severe stress will get better
96. pressure change in lungs
97. A condition associated with closed TBIs momentary interruption of brain function
98. emphysema chronic bronchitis
99. damage directly to the brain
100. Atherosclerotic changes of the coronary arteries
101. increased intensity or frequency, does not go away with demand reduction, or occurs at rest
102. Peripheral edema (legs and hands common)
103. two kinds:
104. An immunological disorder in which the immune system turns against itself
105. Hypertension first seen in pregnancy
106. Cancers affect lymphatic system
107. A disorder of the central nervous system that affects, motor, movement, often including tremors. neurotransmitter lacking
108. another name for stroke oxygen and blood flow is lacking to the brain
109. air sacs in the lung where gas exchange occurs.
110. inflammation of the bladder
111. Seizure: transient physical or behavior alteration that results from an abnormal electrical activity in the brain
112. swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus liver is the problem
113. can’t be changed age, family history
114. electrolytes that are higher concentrated within the cell
115. cancer cells that spread
116. low oxygen extreme pain trouble breathing hemoglobin is crescent shaped
117. lungs – narrow and constrict capillary – dilate / increase
118. loss of bone density
119. Death of the myocardium.
120. Manifestations: cyanotic or plethoric skin, high blood pressure, tachycardia, dyspnea, headaches, visual abnormalities
121. Manifestations: productive and nonproductive cough, dyspnea, wheezing, low-grade fever, pharyngitis, malaise, and chest discomfort
122. First stage – clotting vascular spasm Platelets aggregate
123. Epilepsy: seizure disorder resulting from spontaneous firing of abnormal neurons; characterized by recurrent seizures for which there is no underlying or correctable cause
124. Chronic disorder that results in intermittent, reversible airway obstruction
125. the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing
126. Inflammation of the meninges, usually resulting from an infection.
127. compression or severing to the spinal cord disc herniation
128. A decrease of plasma protein. The pressure change causes a fluid shift.
129. Cervical injuries can affect both the upper and lower extremities and include breathing difficulties, loss of normal bowel and bladder control, paresthesia, sensory changes, spasticity, pain, weakness, paralysis, blood pressure instability, temperature fluctuations, and diaphoresis.
130. Results from a decreased number of erythrocytes, reduction of hemoglobin, or presence of abnormal
131. Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
132. low blood sodium neurological problems
133. Usually caused by a sudden and violent blow or jolt to the head (closed injury) or a penetrating (open injury) head wound that disrupts the normal brain function.
134. Affects primarily adults
135. low platelet count
136. inflammation of the lungs immunocompromised people are most at risk for this
137. sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction
138. Diagnosis: history, physical examination (including using the Glasgow Coma scale), head computed tomography, head magnetic resonance imaging, and ICP monitoring
139. clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
140. Increased IgE synthesis and airway inflammation, resulting in mast cell destruction and inflammatory mediator release.
141. Manifestations: hypoventilation, hypoxemia, cyanosis, hypercapnia, polycythemia, clubbing of fingers, dyspnea at rest, wheezing, edema, weight gain, malaise, chest pain, and fever
142. Manifestations: fever, chills, mental status changes, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, severe headache, stiff neck (meningismus), agitation, bulging fontanel, decreased consciousness, opisthotonos (abnormal positioning that involves rigidity and severe arching of the back with the head thrown backward), poor feeding or irritability in children, tachypnea, and rash
143. Abnormally high erythrocytes
144. Caused by the bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
145. Secondary infection
146. Usually occurs between 3:00 and 7:00 a.m.
147. 7.35-7.45
148. Leads to DVT venous Stasis (sluggish), increase blood coagulation, damage to vein wall (endothelial damage)
149. electrocardiogram diagnostic tool used for Myocardial Infarction looks at 12 angles
150. involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles
151. Manifestations: dyspnea upon exertion, diminished breath sounds, wheezing, chest tightness, tachypnea, hypoxia, hypercapnia, increased anterior-posterior thoracic diameter (from 1:2 to 1:1), activity intolerance, anorexia, and malaise
152. goes away with demand reduction
153. which factor involved with Hemophilia A
154. A DVT in the lower extremity can cause this
155. air in pleural space
156. inflammation of the brain tissue
157. change in level of consciousness can do an EEG
158. Complications
159. Not an allergic reaction
160. Affects primarily children
161. Most common form of dementia.
162. Affects primarily adults
163. Manifestations
164. Usually occurs 10-15 minutes after activity.
165. The process of inspiration and expiration
166. changeable or controllable life style, smoking, diet
167. mom to baby
168. Controls fight or flight response Heart rate increases
169. complicated condition that can occur when someone has severe sepsis or septic shock.
170. Manifestations: tissue ischemia and abnormal bleeding
171. constipation tired gain weight cold
172. Life-threatening condition resulting in severe lung damage and nutrition deficits
173. Manifestations: productive cough, hemoptysis, night sweats, fever, chills, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, anorexia, and symptoms depending on other organ involvement
174. Autosomal dominant inheritance
175. Inadequate pumping
176. A form of peripheral vascular disease in which there is partial or total blockage of an artery, usually one leading to a leg or arm.
177. Manifestations
178. wheezing SOB – shortness of breath cough
179. Manifestations: meconium ileus, salty skin, steatorrhea, fat-soluble vitamin deficiency, chronic cough, hypoxia, fatigue, activity intolerance, audible rhonchi, and delayed growth and development
180. Most frequent type
181. yellow skin yellow sclera
182. Air in the pleural cavity
183. 35-45
184. Especially intense form