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NR 503 Key Concept and Relative Risk Calculation Answer Key

1. Define Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary prevention.
2. Define the following:

• Clinical Disease
• Preclinical Disease
• Subclinical Disease
• Persistent (Chronic) Disease
• Latent Disease

3. Match the following terms with their definition:

• Pandemic
• Endemic
• Common-Vehicle Exposure   
• Epidemic        
• Herd Immunity

4. What is the one medical advance that is associated with the Black Death in Europe in the late 1300’s?
5. Define, through a fractional representation, what attack rate is.
6. After a large wedding reception several people develop symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. It appeared to be tied to eating a specific seafood salad sered.  Using the following 2 by 2 table, numerically represent the attack rate for wedding attendies who ate the seafood salad
7. Define the following: active surveillance, passive surveillance, incidence rate, and prevalence rate.
8. What are two reasons that the prevalence rate of a disease I a community could decrease?
9. What are age adjusted death rates used for? nr 503 key concept
10. Name and define measures of mortality as fractional representations
11. The population in the city of Springfield, Missouri in March, 2014 was 200,000.

• The number of new cases of HIV was 28 between January 1 and June 30^th 2014.
• The number of current HIV cases was 130 between January 1 and June 30^th 2014.

12. In a North African country with a population of 5 million people, 50,000 deaths occurred during 2014. These deaths included 5,000 people from malaria out of 10,000 persons who had malaria.

• What was the total Annual Mortality Rate for 2014 for this country?
• What-was the cause-specific mortality rate from malaria?
• What was the case-fatality percent from malaria? nr 503 key concept

13. Fill in and total the 4 X 4 table for the following disease parameters:

• Total number of people with lung cancer in a given population = 120
• Total number of people with lung cancer who smoked = 90
• Total-number of people with lung cancer who did not smoke = 30
• Total number of people who smoked = 150
• Total number of people in the population = 350
• Fill in the missing parameters based on the above.

14. From Question 13, what is the total number of people with no lung cancer?
15. From question 13, what is the total number of people who smoked, but did not have lung cancer?
16. Calculate the relative risk based on the table in #13
17. A physical examination was used to screen for breast cancer in 2,500 women with biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the breast and in 5,000 age- and race-matched control women. The results of the physical examination were positive (i.e., a mass was palpated) in 1,800 cases and in 800 control women, all of whom showed no evidence of cancer at biopsy.

• The sensitivity of the physical examination was
• The specificity of the physical examination was:
• The positive predictive value of the physical examination was

1. The Hemoccult test has a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 75%. If Nottingham has a prevalence of 12/1,000 for colon cancer, what is the positive predictive value of the test?