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BIOL 1001 Final Exam /BIOL-1001L-8/BIOL-1001-8-Introduction to Biology

1. North America is currently experiencing an unprecedented and rapid loss of species. What is believed to be the main cause?
2. Which of the following is not a form of evidence ….in understanding the evolutionary relationship among living organisms?
3. During cellular respiration, glucose is ….into the low-energy compounds carbon dioxide and water, while the rest of the energy release goes where?
4. Different versions of the same genes are …..:
5. During the 19th century, sea otters were …almost to the point of extinction. When the number of sea otters became very low, the ecosystem of kelp bed “forests” also declined. Scientists discovered that the sea otters were predators of sea urchins, which were, in turn, predators of the kelp. When sea otters declined, the sea urchin populations grew, destroying the kelp ecosystem and the many species that depended on it. It was then understood that sea otters were ________ in this ecosystem.
6. A particular Galápagos finch uses the sharp point of its beak to break open small nuts and the strength of its jaws to crack open larger nuts. When a breeding population is blown onto an island with a choice of either very small nuts or very large nuts, members of the group began to specialize, one group eating only very small or very large nuts, depending upon their beaks. Over time, two stable groups developed, each directed towards its specific niche. This is an example of:
7. You are trying to breed a heterozygote Rr rat and want to avoid homozygotes. Which of the following crosses would be your best choice?
8. Driving along a rural two-lane highway, you notice red-winged hawks perched on a tree approximately every mile or so. This pattern continues for quite a few miles. This is an example of a ________ distribution.
9. Gametes fuse together during:
10. Match each term in column 1 with its definition in column 2.
11. Which of the following is NOT likely to be an example of an evolutionary change in a population?
12. Which of the following is not a way in which fossil evidence supports the theory of common descent? The fossil record:
13. Choose the false statement:
14. Which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is false?
15. In pea plants, the allele for purple flowers (P) is dominant to the allele (p) for white flowers. In a cross between a purple- flowered plant and a white-flowered plant, all 73 of the offspring plants had purple flowers. Which of the following most likely describes the cross above?
16. Which of the following facts is ….to support the theory of evolution?
17. What aspect of DNA demonstrates the degree of relatedness between organisms? Choose the best answer.
18. The actual carrying capacity of our planet may be lower than initially calculate because:
19. The flexible characteristics of the cell membrane is …..to as:
20. Which of the following is the proper equation for cell respiration?
21. Which statement is false?
22. Data collected from the major fisheries of the world indicate that the stocks of big fish in the oceans have fallen by 90% since 1950. Ocean-going tuna, swordfish, marlin, and large groundfish populations are at about 10% of their previous sizes. Due to industry expansion over the same period of time, the tonnage of fish caught in US fisheries has nearly doubled. The loss of large ocean-going fish is most likely due to: (Choose the best answer) BIOL 1001 Final Exam
23. Which of the following statements is a testable scientific hypothesis?
24. Consider a cell that underwent mitosis but not cytokinesis. The result would be:
25. Match each term in column 1 with its description in column 2.
26. Hemophilia is an x-linked recessive allele causing a blood disorder. If a man without hemophilia and a woman who is a carrier of the disease have a daughter, what are the chances that she will have hemophilia?
27. Table sugar (sucrose) belongs to which category of nutrients?
28. What would happen if a mutation created a new allele that decreased fitness?
29. Which of the following are thought to have evolved from prokaryotic life via endosymbiosis?
30. Diffusion is:
31. Which statement is true?
32. Match each term in column 1 with its example in column 2.
33. Which of the following is at the “bottom” of a trophic pyramid?
34. There have been ________ mass extinctions experienced on a global scale before the current extinction epoch.
35. Match each macromolecule in column 1 with its description in column 2.
36. A cell uses energy to bring a substance inside the cell so that the substance’s concentration inside the cell is higher than outside the cell. This is an example of:
37. In a population, which individuals are most likely to survive and reproduce?
38. Approximately how many people were on Earth in 1970, and how many are on Earth today? BIOL 1001 Final Exam
39. The most important reason why one can see evolution in a population of mosquitoes more easily than one can see evolution in a population of squirrels is that mosquitoes:
40. The reactions of cellular respiration occur in the:
41. Which feature is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
42. Which of the following threats to biodiversity today is not significantly related to human activities?
43. Match each term in column 1 with its description in column 2.
44. Which of the following is a false statement about carbon and the carbon cycle?
45. Which two groups’ common ancestor would be …in more superficial strata?
46. What is found when alleles among different human groups are ….?
47. Pockets of air from Earth’s ancient atmosphere were ….in the polar ice caps. Ice core data indicates that in the last 400,000 years, atmospheric CO2 never exceeded ________. Today measurements indicate that the CO2 concentration is
    ________.
48. Which of the following variations could be subject to natural selection?
49. Huntington’s disease is cause by the allele H, which is completely dominant to the normal recessive allele h. Consider a couple where the man has the genotype Hh, and the woman has the genotype hh. What is the chance that their first child will develop Huntington’s disease?
50. A population of birch trees is present on the side of a mountain and is preyed upon by beetles that burrow into bark. Which of the following trees is most likely to be the most fit?
51. Match each cell component in column 1 with its description in column 2. BIOL 1001 Final Exam
52. Choose the best answer. The logic of natural selection predicts that a population of organisms will undergo evolution, if, and only if, the following condition(s) exist:
53. The sequence of events in the process of protein synthesis is usually:
54. Evidence for evolution includes:
55. Which of the following is NOT true of chromosomes?
56. Cancer results when:
57. Which of the following is the most important reason for the preservation of unused species, such as Mexican teosinte (Zea diploperennis), important in the context of human welfare?
58. A scientific hypothesis has all of the following features EXCEPT that it is
59. All of the following experiments would be …..an ecological study EXCEPT the effect of a:
60. How does the rate of extinction today compare to the rates in the past?
61. Which of the following is the most direct (or first) result of natural selection on a population?
62. Which of the following is the correct sequence of how an animal is “built”?
63. Trisomy 13, Trisomy 21, and XXY conditions are:
64. The proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body are …..:
65. Having a statistically significant result means:
66. During ___________, parent cells produce gametes.
67. Which of the following is not an anthropogenic (human-caused) phenomenon threatening biodiversity today?
68. Due to the fact that they are a friendly species that floats when they are …, North American right whales were ….the “right whales” to hunt. They were hunt to the brink of extinction. At some point in the beginning of the 20th century, there were only three reproducing females left. With protection, the population has rebound to 400 individuals, and all are ….to be descendants of those females. As a result, this species is vulnerable because of:
69. Consider an experiment in which subjects are ….a pill to test its effectiveness on reducing the duration of a cold. Which of the following is the best way to treat the control group?
70. The current rapid loss of species is sometimes ….the sixth mass extinction. This increase in extinction rate beyond background extinction is ….to be due to: