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NURS 6630N Final Exam – Question and Answers

1. Disorientation, tremor, hyperactivity, fever, hallucinations, marked wakefulness, and increase dautonomic tone are all features that are consistent with which part of alcohol withdrawal?
2. Which medication below would you use in addition to benzodiazepine treatment if the patient is experiencing psychosis during alcohol withdrawal delirium?
3. Patient is a 10-year-old female with diagnosed ADHD who was started on Ritalin 5 mg twice a day over 2months ago. She is still experiencing the triad of symptoms associated with ADHD (impaired attention, impulsivity, and excessive motor activity). Her mother reports that she is now having difficulty in falling asleep since starting the medication. She has been on no other anti-ADHD medications and the mother reports full compliance with medication regimen. What is the appropriate recommendation to make based on this scenario?
4. This medication cannot be used for more than 5 days, it is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug, and it is often substituted for morphine due to its rapid onset and high potency. What is this medication?
5. B., a 55-year-old female, is a patient at your clinic today who has a past medical history significant for breast cancer, hypertension, hepatic cirrhosis, type 2 diabetes, and a recent diagnosis of alcohol use disorder. She has no known drug allergies. She states she is ready to quit drinking but fears the cravings that it may bring. Which medication would you recommend for E. B. to begin?
6. J. is a 55-year-old male who attended a funeral and found himself laughing during the service, but later that evening he was irritated with himself for what he had done. His wife said this was abnormal behavior and took him to his doctor to be evaluated. After L. J.’s MRI was reviewed, he was diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia. Which medication is recommended to help L. J. with his emotional outbursts?
7. What should our treatment goal be with our patients when it comes to managing chronic pain?
8. Choose the correct statement regarding medications used for alcoholism
9. Which of the following drugs is structurally similar to tramadol; thus, its opioidmediated analgesia can be reversed by naloxone in mice
10. Of the following neurotransmitters, which one(s) are known to be severely disrupted in the disease Dementia with Lewy Bodies?
11. B. is a 55-year-old male who has diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 10+ years ago. He has since had complications from the disease and is suffering from severe neuropathy. On top of that, T. B. is struggling with his mental health and was recently told he could be depressed but he had refused treatment at that time. Besides getting his blood sugar under control, what medication(s) can we usethat may be useful in helping T. B.?
12. If a patient is being managed for chronic pain and is not getting better after months of therapy with multiple agents (i.e., NSAIDs with opioids, muscle relaxants with NSAIDs, etc.), what should be your nextstep in helping the patient?
13. Which of the following is the only Black Box Warning associated with the medication atomoxetine?
14. Which of the following alcohol screening tools lack sensitivity to detect hazardous/problem drinking?
15. Patient is a 75-year-old female with a confirmed diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease. She is currently on Donepezil 10 mg daily. She is accompanied to your clinic today by her daughter, who informs you that her mother hasrecently had an increase in depressive symptoms. She has no history of mood disorders.She has a history of hypertension and tonic-clonic seizures, but both are controlled. Assuming this patient will be thoroughly evaluated for the diagnosis of depression, what would you recommend as initial therapy?
16. Which medication is a selective alpha-adrenergic agonist that works by mimicking norepinephrine binding in the pre-frontal cortex, which makes it particularly useful in the treatment of ADHD?
17. Of the following medications, which one is contraindicated with stimulants such as Ritalin or Adderall?
18. Select the correct treatment regarding drugs involved in addiction management and their corresponding mechanism of action.
19. FILL IN THE BLANK: __________ is the main neurotransmitter behind reward systems in the brain, which usually leads to addiction when altered in any way.
20. Benzodiazepines can be withdrawn abruptly despite duration of therapy/abuse.
21. Of the following neurotransmitters, which ones play a critical role in modulating attention in ADHD?
22. When can buprenorphine be initiated in a patient who is suffering from an opioid overdose?
23. Choose the correct statement regarding an anti-ADHD medication and its respectful mechanism of action
24. Which of the following drugs in the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease requires administration with food?
25. Select all the criteria for what is considered “At-Risk Drinking.”
26. Which medication(s) requires a test dose to determine accurate use of the drug (i.e., how addicted thepatient truly is on a certain drug) before beginning a titration schedule to withdrawal the patient?
27. A new patient presents to your clinic today. The patient is a 13-year-old boy who complains that he has no interest in anything. The patient states, “I just want to sleep more than I normally do, and I don’t care much for playing my video games anymore.” His mother states he cannot focus on anything for more than a few minutes at a time, and that he often gets in trouble at school because he cannot sit still. What would you recommend at this time?
28. A 59-year-old male has been admitted to the E. D. due to a methamphetamine overdose. The patient’s friend reported he ingested up to 2 grams because “he thought cops were coming to get him.” The patient’s vitals are all within normal limits, except his blood pressure is 180/110. What is the best recommendation to make at this time?
29. Which of the following drugs in the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease helps normalize glutamate by antagonizing the NMDA receptor?
30. In the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease, there are certain proteins that lead to the plaques and tangles that result in this progressive, irreversible brain disorder. Choose the appropriate protein with its corresponding pathology.
31. What is the difference between Ritalin and Focalin?
32. Select the correct description of a somatoform disorder.
33. The patient is a 16-year-old girl with a past history of substance use disorder. She has been known to abuse prescription opioids and smokes one pack of cigarettes every day. She has been in and out of recovery for the past year. During her last admission into a recovery center, she was diagnosed with ADHD, which may have contributed to her addictive personality. She presents to your clinic today to initiate pharmacotherapy for her new diagnosis. What would you recommend in this patient? Her current weight is 55 kg.
34. The experience of pain is ALWAYS subjective
35. C. is an 88-year-old male who is diagnosed at your clinic with Dementia with Lewy Bodies. He currently has some debilitating gait issues, which makes his quality of life very poor. His memory is still intact with minor deficits. Which medication would likely benefit T. C. as his initial therapy?
36. Drug addiction includes many prescription medications and illegal substances. Of the drugs listed, which ones can be withdrawn abruptly WITHOUT medical intervention to prevent with draw seizures?
37. Which medication below should be routine for all suspected cases of alcohol intoxication and dependence?
38. Disulfiram has been proven effective in the treatment of alcoholism, but recently it has been trialed in the management of cocaine addiction. What is the mechanism of action that likely helps produce these aversive effects?
39. If a patient suffers from a multitude of small strokes and later begins experiencing mood disturbances in an acute fashion that sometimes resolve, from what type of dementia would you think that patient may suffer?
40. SSRIs can be used in alcohol use disorder and offer modest drinking reduction through an anti-craving effect.
41. Which club drug is structurally similar to GABA?
42. Which features are consistent with delirium?
43. Which of the following drugs is often used in the management of opioid addiction due to its ceiling effect?
44. R. is a 35-year-old woman who presents to your clinic today complaining of ankle pain. She said she was running the trail when she saw a snake. During a quick turn to run away from the snake, she twisted her ankle. Which of the following medications may be a good choice in helping Y. R. with her pain?
45. What baseline levels should you perform before initiating an anti-ADHD medication?
46. There are many different types of dementia. Which dementia is NOT a direct result of disrupted neurotransmitters, but a result of degeneration of different regions in the brain? Onset of the disease is typically before the age of 60, and very rare after the age of 75.
47. Which enzyme does disulfiram inhibit leading to a build-up of the ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde?
48. Which of the following psychiatric conditions is present in both domains (i.e., core psychopathology &pain-related psychological symptoms) of chronic pain that will likely lead to an outcome of disability, pain, and poor quality of life?
49. K. is a 72-year-old female who has suffered many strokes in the past, likely due to uncontrolled hypertension and hyperlipidemia. She has now been diagnosed with vascular dementia due to memory loss and motor system slowing. What is the recommended treatment for T. K.?
50. Of the axons involved in the transmission of pain, which one is thinly my elinated and conducts that first feeling of pain that is often felt as coming on as a sharp, rapid feeling?