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NURS-6630N-11/NURS-6630C-11-Approaches to Treatment

Midterm Exam – Week 6

1. Which atypical antipsychotic(s) require a meal for better absorption?
2. Which answer choice includes all the components of patient-focused interventions to enhance adherence?
3. In order for the NMDA receptor to fully open and allow an influx of calcium, both glutamate and glycine must bind to cause a depolarization of the cell that will ultimately displace which ion? Is the NMDA receptor an ionotropic or metabotropic receptor?
4. What is the strongest established risk factor for bipolar disorder?
5. Which disease state of a non-adherent patient is at greater risk for substance use, violence, and victimization as well as worse overall quality of life?
6. Which anticonvulsant below induces its own metabolism over time?
7. The serotonin system is involved in many processes in psychiatry, including, most prominently, mood, sleep, and psychosis. Of the following neurons listed, from where is serotonin synthesized?
8. The following patient case is considered an example of treatment-resistant depression.
9. Which antiepileptic drugs should we avoid in pregnant women in the treatment of bipolar disorder?
10. Choose the correct statement(s) regarding lithium levels. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.
11. With second-generation antipsychotics, what is the main side effect that requires frequent monitoring?
12. Of the following medications used in the treatment of social anxiety disorder, which one would you AVOID in a patient who has uncontrolled hypertension?
13. Which drug below has an interaction with cigarette smoking and should be adjusted based on patient’s tobacco use/non-use?
14. Which of the following symptoms is NOT part of the diagnostic features for bipolar disorder?
15. Of the following antipsychotic medications listed below, which one has a Black Box Warning for seizure, agranulocytosis, and seizures?
16. An 81-year-old male comes to your clinic today complaining of dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation. He has a past medical history significant for hypertension, heart failure, and depression. Of the following medications, which one is likely contributing to these side effects?
17. Which of the following statements below is NOT considered an appropriate treatment strategy for treatment-resistant depression?
18. K. T. is a 35-year-old woman who was diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder about 4 weeks ago. She was prescribed Clonazepam 2 mg at bedtime but was referred to you to determine chronic treatment. K. T. states the new medication has been helping a lot but worries about all the side effects that come with it. She wants to discontinue the medication. What is the appropriate next step to help K. T.?
19. M. B. was just diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder and pharmacotherapy is needed. Which of the following would be a first-line treatment option for M. B.?
20. Choose the appropriate pair regarding acetylcholine receptors.
21. K. B. is a 28-year-old male who was started on Venlafaxine 75 mg about 2 weeks ago and is now calling you asking how long it should take for this medication to begin to work. He is concerned his girlfriend will leave him if he doesn’t get better quickly. What is the appropriate amount of time to allot to see a therapeutic response?
22. Choose the appropriate statement regarding lamotrigine dosing.
23. Which amino acid is involved in the synthesis of both norepinephrine and dopamine?
24. A 25-year-old female comes into your clinic today informing you she is ready to have a baby and wishes to discontinue her birth control at this time. After reviewing her chart, you notice she has a history of bipolar disorder and was previously prescribed valproic acid by another doctor. What is your concern with this medication in this specific patient?
25. Which neurotransmitter is considered the major inhibitory neurotransmitter?
26. M. M. is 27-year-old female student pharmacist who presents to the ER after experiencing extreme lightheadedness during her fourth-year seminar presentation. Her vitals are as follows: BP (107/65) and HR of 45. What medication below is likely the cause of these symptoms?
27. Which of the following medications is best to AVOID in maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder and why?
28. Close-ended questions will help identify when patients are taking medications incorrectly.
29. What is the therapeutic plasma level of carbamazepine?
30. Of the following medications, which ones are considered first-line in treatment of an acute manic episode of bipolar disorder (assuming monotherapy)?
31. A 32-year-old males calls you complaining of decreased libido since starting Paroxetine 20 mg 2 weeks ago. He reported stopping the medication 1 day ago and is now experiencing extreme irritability and nervousness. He wishes to stop this medication due to side effects. What do you recommend?
32. Patient is a 72-year-old male with a past medical history significant for atrial fibrillation and COPD with a new diagnosis of major depression disorder. Based on his comorbid conditions, what antidepressant would you recommend as first-line?
33. When initiating lithium, how long should you wait before checking a lithium level? What is the therapeutic goal level of lithium?
34. Which of the following medications used for treatment of bipolar disorder may increase stroke risk among older patients, particularly those with dementia?
35. How do you manage a patient who develops neuroleptic malignant syndrome while on an atypical antipsychotic?
36. It is appropriate to start lamotrigine in combination with another atypical antipsychotic in treatment of an acute manic episode in bipolar disorder.
37. A 27-year-old female presents to your emergency room today with a rash that started about 1 week ago and has now spread to her whole body. She has a past medical history significant for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and bipolar disorder. The patient reports, “The only thing that is different is that I’ve been on this new medication for my bipolar for a few weeks.” Of the following medications, which one is likely to be causing this severe rash?
38. Which of the following receptors below would likely result in extra-pyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, and hyperprolactinemia?
39. Selection of an antipsychotic agent is usually guided by the side-effect profile and by available formulations.
40. Which drug below differs from other atypical antipsychotics in causing persistent hyperprolactinemia?
41. Which of the following are NOT primary target(s) symptom for antipsychotic agents in schizophrenia?
42. Which of the following is an appropriate strategy for managing treatment-resistant depression?
43. Which of the following medications are known as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
44. Choose the correct option regarding the major classes of GABA receptors and the ions involved in inhibition of the neurotransmitter pathway
45. Patient is a 59-year-old male with a past medical history significant for bipolar disorder I, hypertension, and COPD. He calls your clinic today complaining of extreme fatigue and a new tremor in his hand. He reports starting lithium 600 mg at bedtime about 5 days ago and thinks that may be the cause. What is the appropriate next step for this patient?
46. Glia cells play a supportive role in the neuron. A few of the functions of the glial cells include providing nutrition, maintaining homeostasis, stabilizing synapses, and myelinating axons. The glial cells are categorized as microglia or macroglia. Of the macroglia cells, which one plays a role in myelinating axons, which may contribute to mood disorders if altered?
47. Which statement is TRUE regarding the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)/serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) in patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
48. A 23-year-old female was just diagnosed with major depressive disorder and is being started on escitalopram 10 mg daily. The patient should be counseled about which Black Box warning?