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NURS 6051 Week 1 Quiz Patho

1. During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as _____ atrophy.
2. A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse’s best response?
3. Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?
4. A 13-year-old girl has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present. What medical diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart?
5. A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition?
6. When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene.
7. Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
8. A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary. Which process of fluid movement is the nurse describing?
9. Which of the following disorders is manifested primarily in males?
10. A group of prison inmates developed tuberculosis following exposure to an infected inmate. On examination, tissues were soft and granular (like clumped cheese). Which of the following is the most likely cause?
11. A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
12. The early dilation (swelling) of the cell’s endoplasmic reticulum results in:
13. A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called:
14. The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?
15. A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with:
16. The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse describing?
17. 55-year-old male has swelling of the feet. Which of the following aided in development of swelling?
18. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
19. What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?
20. The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:
21. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained?
22. A patient has severe mental retardation caused by a deletion of part of chromosome 5. What genetic disorder will the nurse see documented in the chart?
23. How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
24. After a geneticist talks to the patient about being a chromosomal mosaic, the patient asks the nurse what that means. How should the nurse respond? You may _____ genetic disease(s).
25. What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.