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NUR 631 Week 9 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.”

1. Describe coronary artery disease. How does it develop? What is the pathophysiological basis of how the various risk factors can lead to this disorder?
2. Numerous hormones have an impact on cardiac function. List two to three of these hormones and address how they affect the heart or the cardiovascular system.
3. Diet and lifestyle play an important role in cardiovascular health. What is the impact of a poor diet and lifestyle on the cardiovascular system?

Week 9 Discussion Question 2

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.”

1. Explain the underlying pathophysiology associated with hypertensive conditions. What are the associated pathological complications?
2. Detail the physiological process of heart failure, causes of heart failure, and pathological changes associated with heart failure.
3. Detail a common congenital defect associated with the cardiovascular system of a pediatric patient.

NUR 631 Week 10 Discussion Question 1

Answer both of the following discussion questions for your discussion response.

1. Explain the differences between irritable bowel syndrome and irritable bowel disease.
2. Gastric cancers require meticulous management. Choose a gastrointestinal cancer that is primary sourced in an organ of the gastrointestinal system and discuss the epidemiological characteristics and pathological ramifications of the condition.

Week 10 Discussion Question 2

Answer both of the following discussion questions for your discussion response.

1. The American Cancer Society states that some cancers can be prevented, as they are related to lifestyle factors such as diet, obesity, smoking, and lack of physical activity. Early detection and screening mechanisms are obviously key, but the data suggests that they have only been somewhat effective. What are some ideas and strategies that could perhaps lead to a further reduction in preventable cancer deaths?
2. Discuss a malabsorption condition and share the pathophysiological alterations associated with the condition.

NUR 631 Week 11 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.”

1. Explain the differences between restrictive and obstructive respiratory disorders. Choose one disorder for each and explain the pathophysiological changes seen and alterations in pulmonary function tests that aid diagnosis.
2. Explain the causes and pathophysiological changes seen with ARDS.
3. Explain the manifestations of congenital pulmonary disorders seen in children.

Week 11 Discussion Question 2

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.”

1. Discuss the differences between respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis. Provide a case study or presentation associated with respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis.
2. Clinicians have developed an appreciation for obstructive sleep apnea. Explain the pathophysiological problems a patient could experience associated with obstructed sleep apnea (OSA).
3. Multiple conditions lead to pulmonary embolus. Articulate the development and associated conditions leading to pulmonary embolus.

NUR 631 Week 12 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.”

1. Explain the concept of azotemia (including prerenal, renal, and postrenal), causes, and diagnostic measures used to identify each.
2. Explain the pathophysiological differences between prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal failure? Provide at least two examples of each scenario.
3. Spinal cord injuries carry a high risk of neurogenic bladder and reflex incontinence. Explain the mechanisms responsible for these disorders.

Week 12 Discussion Question 2

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.”

1. Explain the differences between lower tract urinary symptoms and erectile disorder.
2. A patient presents with flank pain. You suspect renal calculi. What is the pathophysiological reason for development of renal calculi and associated treatment considerations to rid renal stones and prevent future development of others?
3. Explain the common conditions associated with proteinuria and hematuria. Discuss the rationale for potential complications.

NUR 631 Week 13 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.”

1. What are the differential considerations of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism? Explain the clinical reasoning process you would employ to differentiate between these two conditions.
2. What are the differential considerations of right-sided and left-sided heart failure? What role does pulmonary hypertension play in these types of heart failure? Explain your reasoning.
3. A patient presents in an altered mental state in the ER. What would you consider pathological alterations in this patient? What process would you employ to determine differential diagnoses for this patient?

Week 13 Discussion Question 2

Ms. C is a 28-year-old Casino Floor Manager. She had gestational diabetes during her fourth pregnancy which she delivered about a year ago and during that time she was treated with NPH BID and NovoLog QID with meals. After delivery she started Metformin and then after that Pioglitazone and Sitagliptin and Glimepiride were added. She eats three meals a day and prepares them at home. She doesn’t eat fast food or junk food and she’s pretty consistent with what she eats day-to-day. She’s very active, exercises regularly and when she sees you in the office her A1C is despite all that she is doing to control the sugars, her A1C is 8.9. What are your treatment options? Give probable diagnosis and differentials

NUR 631 Week 14 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.”

1. Your patient questions you about using fetal tissue implants for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. As an advanced practice nurse, how do you respond without expressing bias opinions? Do you feel your beliefs on this issue will affect your care for patients involved in this mode of treatment? If you hold a belief system that is in conflict with this treatment option, what strategies could you employ that would allow you to meet your patient’s needs as well as your own? If fetal tissue implants were not an issue for you, how would you offer guidance to a peer who is facing this dilemma?
2. Both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis present with several of the same manifestations such as joint pain and stiffness. How can a provider differentiate between the two?
3. Select one disease related to energy metabolism such as Acid Maltase Deficiency. Describe the disorder, the pathophysiology seen, and the outcomes for the person affected.
4. A child born with osteogenesis imperfecta is at risk for pathological fractures. Explain the pathophysiology of this disorder and the associated risk factors.

Week 14 Discussion Question 2

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.”

1. Articulate the differentiation between the stages of skin breakdown associated with immobility.
2. Rhabdomyolysis is a rapid breakdown of muscle. Detail the pathophysiology behind rhabdomyolysis.
3. Explain the difference between basal and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.

NUR 631 Week 15 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.”

1. Review the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovarian axis, and explain the pathophysiology of PCOS. Explain the role of hormones in the development of this disorder. How does PCOS contribute to infertility?
2. Explain the role of genetics and oncogenes in the development of reproductive cancers. In addition, examine if genetically linked reproductive cancers are only seen in women or are they also in men?
3. Mr. Jones, a 60-year-old male, was seen for his yearly physical. Upon review of his lab results, a high PSA level was seen. Having heard about the PSA test and correlation to prostate cancer, he is worried about a diagnosis of cancer. What would you tell Mr. Jones in your discussion about the lab results?

NUR 631 Discussion Question 2 Week 15

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.”

1. Explain the pathophysiological development of breast cancer. Detail the varying types and oncogenic influences for each type.
2. Menopause comes at different ages for women. What are the pathological changes causing menopause and what are the pathological changes experienced after menopause?
3. Testicular cancer is common in younger men. Upon examination, you discover a hard nodule of the right testes. What are the oncogenic influences associated with testicular cancer?

NUR 631 Discussion Question 1 Week 16

Select a chief complaint from the following list and provide a list of differential diagnoses and an initial workup for the patient, including laboratory tests, imaging studies, and medications.

1. Left Lower Quadrant Pain.
2. Dizziness
3. Altered mental status
4. Dysuria
5. Chest Pain
6. Numbness in an ipsilateral extremities
7. Blurring vision that is sudden
8. Cold, blue toes
9. Thirstiness
10. Tachycardia/Palpitations
11. Heavy, off-scheduled vaginal bleeding
12. Genitourinary puss
13. Fever
14. Shortness of breath
15. Diarrhea
16. Low back pain
17. Radiating paresthesia inthe back of the legs
18. Infectious process requiring antibiotic treatment

NUR 631 Discussion Question 2 Week 16

Create a list of three differential diagnoses and explain why you would include them on your list, based on the following information:

You are working with an 82-year-old male, David Smith, who will be having coronary artery bypass surgery in 5 days. David has experienced a very complicated road leading to his surgery. He remains on ventilator support and just started nutritional supplementation. He remains sedated for apparent agitation and is taking multiple medications for cardiovascular support.