Description
NSG 6435 Final Exam Study Guide 2
- Expected inc in wt: birth-3 mo
- Expected inc in wt: 3-6 mo
- When does head growth occur?
- Expected inc in head circumference: 0-2mo
- Expected inc in head circumference: 2-6 mo
- inorganic causes of FTT
- Expected inc in wt: 6-12 mo
- Expected inc in wt: 1-2 years
- head circumference abnormalities
- Expected inc in head circumference: by 12 mo
- causes of microcephaly
- elevated ICP in peds clinical signs
- live vaccines
- Expected inc in wt: 2 yr-adolescence
- Expected inc in height: 0-12 mo
- Prevnar immunization schedule
- Expected inc in height: 13-24 mo
- Expected inc in height: 2 years to adolescence
- acuteLead intoxication in child
- chronic lead intoxication
- timeline for tooth eruption
- Till what age does child ride in rear facing car seat
- Nutrition in newborn
- 2 months sleep schedule and feeding/stooling schedule
- When should you introduce cows milk
- developmental domains
- Infants w/ CNS injuries show ______ and _____-_______ primitive reflexes
- When do primitive reflexes disappear?
- Gross motor milestones. Birth: 2mo: 4mo: 6mo: 9mo: 12mo:
- Motor development
- primitive reflexes(4). Postural reactions(2)
- Fine motor milestone: birth: 3-4mo: 4-5mo: 6-7 mo: 9 mo: 12mo:
- Red flags in motor development(4)
- Basic language milestones. 2-3mo: 6mo: 9-12mo: 12mo: 18mo: 2yr: 3yr:
- Ddx of speech/language delay
- Object permanence apparent at __ mo. This is why they get ______ _____ at 6-18mo
- Cerebral palsy def
- Classification of CP
- Autism clinical features(5)
- Med eval for hearing loss
- LEading causes of blindness in children
- colic defn
- Tx of uncomplicated nocturnal enuresis
- tx for diurnal (Day) enuresis
- What stage of sleep do nightmares occur? Night terrors?
- types of breath holding spells
- First sign of puberty in boys(what age)
- When does thelarche begin in females? What does it indicate?
- Menarche occurs when? how long after thelarche?
- Tanner Stage I
- Tanner stage II male
- Stage 3 Tanner=male
- Stage 4 Tanner in male
- Female breast development: Stage I
- Female breast development: Stage 2
- Early adolescence cx: 10-13 y/o
- Female breast development: Stage 3
- Middle adolescence cxs (14-17 yo)
- Female breast development: Stage 4
- Female breast development: Stage 5
- late adolescence(18-21 yo)
- HEADSS
- Physical effects of Marijuana
- Exam findings for Anorexia
- lab findings in anorexia
- difference between bulimia and anorexia
- absolute contraindications to OCP
- relative contraindications to OCPs
- primary amenorrhea defn
- amenorrhea w/up
- Gynecomastia, Etiology, Labs:, DDx, Management
- Testicular torsion
- Epididymitis: Etiology: Clinical: Dx: Management
- Vernix caseosa
- pallor in newborn
- Jaundice is always abnl if detected within first __ hours of birth. But common in the first few days.
- milia
- Pustular melanosis
- Erythema toxicum neonatorum
- MC vascular lesion of infancy
- Strawberry hemangiomas
- Caput succedaneum
- Cephalohematomas
- lateral neck cysts or sinuses
- Respiratory distress clinical signs in child
- Nl HR in newborn
- when to perform surgery on umbilical hernia?
- What is meconium ileus and what does it usually indicate? When does child normally pass meconium stoo l?
- Hydrometrocolpos
- Absence or hypoplasia of raidus in newborn DDX
- Edema of feet w/ hypoplastic nails cx of _____ and _____ syndromes
- Cyanosis newborn
- Causes of cyanosis in newborn
- Tests in cyanotic infant
- CC of resp distress in infant Clinical s/sxs
- RDS DDx
- Resp pathology affecting lungs? Airways?
- Tx of RDS
- Reason for physiologic jaundice
- ddx of indirect hyperbilirubinemia
- Ddx of hyperbilirubinemia
- Eval of Indirect hyperbilirubinemia
- complications of indirect bilirubin
- Congenital diaphragmatic hernia CF: Eval: Management:
- intestinal obstruction in neonate ddx
- NEC, CF: Eval: Management:
- INfants of DM mothers(IDM) CF: Eval: Management:
- Possible infection hx questions
- <3 mo eval of fever: labs, MC bacterial pathogens, who gets hospitalized
- Fever of unk origin defn and w/up
- MCC of FUO(Fever of unk origin)
- 2nd MCC of FUO
- 3rd MCC of FUO
- Lymphoma, leukemia
- RF for meningitis. What age is highest incidence found?
- CF of Meningitis
- Dx for meningitis bacterial
- early empiric abx therapy for bacterial meningitis: newborns(0-28 days) Young infants: (1-3mo) Older infants and children(>3mo)
- Abx therapy for meningitis
- MC complication of meningitis
- other complications of meningitis besides hearing loss
- CSF findings for TB meningitis
- Causes of Aseptic meningitis
- Common cold viruses
- CF of sinusitis: MC organisms
- Acute, subacute and chronic sinusitis differences.
- Pharyngitis etiology MCCs
- EBV pharyngitis sxs
- Coxsackievirus pharyngitis
- cx of GABHS(Strep throat)
- Tx of GAS strep throat
- Ddx of cervical lymphadenitis(6)
- dx of cervical lymphadenitis
- Etiology of parotitis
- dx of parotitis
- Impetigo vs erysipelas etiology
- mcc of Toxic shock syndrome
- Diagnostic criteria for TSS
- MC viral causes of diarrheal disease
- Rotavirus epidemiology: CF: Dx: Managment
- Norwalk virus Epi: CF Dx Management
- causes of bloody diarrhea
- which bacterial infectious diarrheal diseases cause WBCs in stool
- HUS s/sxs
- Shigella tx
- Early CF of HIV in first year of life
- management of HIV + mom and possibel negative HIV status newborn
- which vaccine should HIV positive child not receive
- complications of HIV infection
- PCP CF
- tx of PCP
- IMO CF
- Dx of IMO
- how do you test for EBV in child <4 yo?
- Complications of EBV infection
- CF of measles(rubeola)
- MCC of mortality in measles infeciton. Other complications
- rubella CF
- congenital toxoplasmosis
- Pinworm infection CF and tx
- Ascaris CF and tx
- RMSG Etiology, Epi, CF, Labs, Dx, Managemnt
- Cat scratch disease Eti, CF, Dx, tx
- inspiratory stridor on exam think what diagnosis
- expiratory wheezing on exam think what diagnosis
- crackles/rales on exam: think what two diagnosis
- epiglottitis
- Tx of epiglottitis
- Croup defn, etio, CF, tx
- tx of croup
- westley croup score
- MC LRTI in first 2 years of life
- bronchiolitis etio, CF
- tx of bronchiolitis
- typical causes of PNA in 0-3 mo
- typical causes of PNA age 6 and above
- CF of PNA
- typical causes of PNA: 3-5 mo
- DDx of wheezing
- Ddx of recurrent or chronic wheezing in child
- Intermittent asthma
- Mild persistent asthma
- moderate persistent asthma
- severe persistent asthma
- Cystic fibrosis
- CF of Cystic fibrosis
- Cystic fibrosis dx
- CF of cystic fibrosis
- CLD(BPD) defn, etio an PP, CF
- Apnea of infancy
- SIDS peak incidence ages, RF, etio
- Vitamin A def s/sxs
- Vit D def s/sxs
- Vit E def s/sxs
- marasmus
- Kwashiorkor
- Vit B1 def s/sxs
- Celiac disease CF, eval, management
- Short bowel syndrome PP
- CF of physiologic reflux(GER)
- CF of pathologic reflux(GERD)
- intestinal anatomic obstructions that result in vomiting
- CF and dx of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
- CF of malrotation and midgut volvulus
- Duodenal atresia and stenosis CF eval and management
- Intussusception Epi, PP, CF
- Tx of intussusception
- Chronic abdominal pain: organic and non organic(functional): organic causes normal stool patterns
- Functional fecal retention PP, etio, and CF
- Organic causes of constipation
- what sxs suggests organic cause of constipation
- Causes of UGIB
- LGIB causes: neonate(birth-1mo)
- LGIB causes: Infant/young child(1mo-2 yrs)
- NEC should be considered in any newborn who presernts w/?
- LGIB causes: preschool(2-5 yr)
- LGIB causes: school age(>5 yr)
- Juvenile polys CF and incidence. Tx?
- Allergic colitis
- Elevated bilirubin causes?
- MCC of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
- Causes of conjugated bilirubin(cholestasis)
- CF of cholestasis
- Defn of neonatal hepatits
- Biliary atresia: defn, CF
- Dx of biliary atresia
- Alagille syndrome
- viruses that cause viral hepatitis
- Autoimmune hepatitis Categories, defn, CF
- CF of autoimmune hepatitis
- Maintenance water requirement calculated form pts weight
- Parenteral rehydration occurs in two phases: Emergency phase and repletion phase
- Microscopic hematuria
- hematuria ddx
- Proteinuria defn
- Classification of proteinuria
- nephrotic syndrome
- Nephritic syndrome
- MCC of acute glomerulonephritis? MCC of chronic GN?
- CF PSGN
- Dx of PSGN
- Tx of PSGN. Does abx help dec risk of PSGN? Rheumatic fever?
- IgA nephropathy Etio: CF: Dx: tx:
- HSP nephritis Defn CF
- Nephrotic syndrome defn
- Categories of Nephrotic syndrome
- CF of nephrotic syndrome
- Dx of Nephrotic syndrome
- massive edema with nephrotic syndrome
- MCD tx
- HUS defn
- CF of HUS
- Alports syndrome
- MCC of renal mass in newborn
- ADPKD Epi, CF, prgnosis
- ETiology of HTN in children
- HTN in neonates and young infants
- HTN MCC in child 1-10 yo
- Adolescents MCC of HTN
- CF of renal failure
- Chronic renal insufficiency and ESRD Etiology
- prerenal causes of Renal failure w/ labs
- Renal parenchymal causes of acute renal failure w/ labs
- Postrenal causes of ARF and labs
- Congenital obstructive abnl in urinary tract
- Renal abnl:
- Renal agenesis
- VUR
- Renal dysplasia
- Dx of VUR
- Etiology of stones in childhood
- UTI sxs in older infants, young child, older child
- UA suggestive of UTI
- what should all children with first febrile UTI have?
Children w/ recurrent UTI, pyelo, all males, all girsl <4 yo w/ cystitis? - Neonate w/ UTI abx tx
- AFP elevation causes
- Triple marker to assess for trisomy conditions made up of what tests
- Prader Willi syndrome
- Angelman syndrome
- Noonan syndrome
- Velocardiofacial syndrome
- blue sclerae, fragile bones, yellow or gray blue teeth, easy bruisability
- VACTERL assoc
- CHARGE assoc
- Williams syndrome
- Down syndrome CF
- MR, hypertonia, small facial features, clenched hands, rocker bottom feet
- Holoprosencephaly, szs, severe MR, microphthalmic, cleft lip/palate. midline defects
- short stature, webbed neck, shield chest, swelling of dorsum of hands and feets, ovarian dysgenesis, L sided cardiac defects(coarctation)
- Klinefelters syndrome
- Achondroplasia
- Potter syndrome
- Fetal alcohol syndrome
- Cig smoking teratogen
- homocystinuria Cause, CF, dx
- Cystinuria
- Signs of hyperammonemia(>200micromoles)
- PKU Inheritance, CF, Dx, Management
- Ornithine transcarbamylase def
- Galactosemia Inheritance, CF, Dx, Tx
- Hereditary fructose intolerance
- GSDs cx by _______ and ____ ______
- Von Gierkes disease
- Pompes disease
- Lysosomal storage diseases
- tay sachs
- Gaucher disease
- Niemann pick disease
- porphyria CF
- triggers of porphyria
- Short stature defn
- diff between normal variant short stature and pathologic short stature
- Children who grow __ inches per year between ___ years of age and pubety usualy do not have an endocrinopathy or underlying pathologic d/o
- two MC categories of normal variant short stature
- Familial short stature
- consitutional short stature
- causes of disproportionate pathologic short stature
- Causes of proportionate short stature
- Pts w/ poor growth velocity w/ normal screening labs but low IGF-1 and delayed bone age should have w/up for….
- Bone age<chronologic age
- Bone age=chronologic age
- Endocrinopathies that cause short stature
- CF of GH deficiency
- onset of female puberty? Menstruation? Male puberty onset. First sign?
- Precocious puberty def
- Premature thelarche
- Central precocious puberty
- Peripheral precocious puberty
- Etiology of PPP
- Delayed puberty ages
- Two categoires od delayed puberty
- Causes of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
- Causes of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
- primary adrenal insufficiency
- Cuases of Seocndary adrenal insufficiency and s/sxs
- CAH MCC, s/sxs
- 11B hydroxylase def
- DKA defn and PP
- CF of DKA
- Labs in DKA
- Tx of DKA
- Etiology of central DI
- Etiology of Nephrogenic DI
- X linked recessive d/o
- Causes of CHF: congenital and acquired
- CF of CHF
- Tx of CHF
- Acyanotic congenital HD
- MC type of ASD
- MC heart lesion in Down syndrome
- when are large VSDs w/ pulmonary HTN usually closed? Small to mod VSDS?
- what are indications for intervention in AS
- Cyanotic congenital Heart disease
- Noncardiac causes of central cyanosis
- MC cardiac causes of central cyanosis
- Eval of cyanosis
- TOF
- CF of TOF
- Acquired heart disease
- ETiology of infective endocarditis
- Dx of Infective endocarditis
- signs of bacterial endocarditis: FROM JANE
- Etiology of Pericarditis
- Etiology of myocarditis
- dx of myocarditis
- DCM etiology
- myocarditis sxs
- HOCM on exam/ ECG, ECho
- SVT defn and PP
- CF of SVT
- management of SVT
- Long Qt syndrome, Etiology
- CF of long QT syndrome/ dx
- Chest pain in child
- CP in child ddx
- Cyanosis in newborn w/ L axis deviation and LVH on ECG
- Systolic murmur of pulmonary stenosis and RVH on ECG
- HSP defn, CF
- dx of HSP
- Kawasaki disease Defn and epi
- Dx criteria of kawasaki
- Other CF not diagnostic of Kawasaki
- labs for kawasaki disease
- Tx of Kawasaki
- JRA CF, age of onset
- Dx of JRA
- tx of JRA
- SOAP BRAIN MD
- Rhem markers of Lupus
- tx of lupus
- Dermatomyositis CF
- Dx of Dermatomyo
- Tx of Dermatomyo
- Rheumatic fever defn
- Can strep skin infections cause rheumatic fever
- CF of Rheumatic fever
- Dx of RF
- Labs in RF
- Tx of RF
- CF of lyme
- Dx of lyme
- seronegative spondylarthropathies
- Reiters disease triad
- Cx of seroneg spondyloarthropathies
- scaly skin plaque, nail pitting, onycholysis, arthritis of small/large joints
- Asian F adolescent or young adult, w/ systemic signs, aneurysmal dilation or thrombosis of aorta, carotid, or subclavian arteris
- sinusitis, hemoptysis, glomerulonephritis, systemic signs. Affects kidneys, lungs
- sicca syndrome(dry mouth and eyes), high titers o autoantibodies(usually ANA or RF), and CT disease
- CREST syndrome
- Erbs palsy
- Klumpkes palsy
- Nursemaids elbow
- Anterior shoulder dislocation
- Torticollis types and C
- Scoliosis tx
- DDx of back pain in child
- CC of back pain in child
- Diskitis CF, dx, tx
- DDH epi, CF, dx
- Dx of DDH
- tx of DDH
- painful Limp ddx in childhood-The joint STARTSS HOTT
- orther causes of limps: DDLLL
- labs in septic arthritis
- dx of transient synovitis
- tx of transietn synovitis
- Legg Calve Perthes disease CF, dx, tx
- SCFE epi, C, dx, tx, complications
- Osteomyelitis Etio, CF, dx, imaging, Tx, complications
- internal tibial torsion epi, CF, tx
- out toeing epi, etio, CF, tx
- when should genu varum resolve? tx if not?
- Blount disease epi etio, CF, dx, tx
- OSgood Schlatter disease
- patellofemoral syndrome
- Compression fx
- Salter Harris Classification for physeal fx(growth plate fxs)
- MCC of clavicular fx in childhood and neonates
- tx of clavicular fxs
- supracondylar fx
- if suspect supracondylar fx what should you not do?
- common types of forearm fxs
- Toddlers fx
- Hgb is ____ at birth in most newborns and normally ____ reaching physiologic _____ point between __ and __ mo of age in the term infant
- two MC types of microcytic, hypochromic anemias during childhood
- IDA
- MAcrocytic anemia causes
- microcytic hypochromic anemia causes
- high reticulocyte count, normocytic normochromic anemia causes
- low reticulocyte count normocytic normochromic anemia causes
- labs for aneima
- alpha thalassemia types and causes
- B-thal major
- Tx of B thal major
- Macrocytic anemias labs and MC types
- low reticulocyte count ddx
- high reticulocyte count ddx
- causes of microangiopathic anemia
- G6PD PP, triggers, CF, labs, dx, tx
- crises in Sickle cell disease
- fever in sickle cell disease pt should have what labs
- tx of sickle cell disease
- fanconi anemia CF and inheritance
- Diamond blackfan aanmia
- Acquired aplastic anemia etio, CF, labs, tx
- causes of secondary polycythemia
- RElative Polycythemia
- CF suggesting abnl hemostasis
- Eval for clotting abnl
- Factor VIII, IX def labs and CF
- vWF d/os labs and CF
- TCP CF and Labs
- Vit K def labs and CF
- DIC labs and CF
- hemophilia A etio, CF, labs, managemtent
- VWF disease CF, labs, tx
- DIC labs
- Plt abnl quantitative d/os
- ITP etio, PP, CF, labs
- Wiskott aldrich
- TAR
- Grading of ANC levels in neutropenia
- MCC of neutropenia in childhood
- Cyclic neutropenia CF dx
- ocuclocutaneous albinism, large blue gray granule in cytoplasm of neutrophils, neutropenia, blond or bronw hair w/ silver streaks
- Neutropenia caused by dec production(8)
- Neutropenia caused by inc destruction(5)
- CF of anaphylaxis
- tx of anaphylaxis
- Allergic rhinitis CF, defn, dx
- tx of allergic rhinitis
- Aller ic conditions in childhood
- atopic dermatitis defn, CF, dx
- dx of atopic dermatitis
- tx of atopic dermatitis
- d/os of lymphocytes
- IgA deficiency
- Dx of IgA def
- Ataxia telangiectasia def, CF, dx, tx
- 502.Digeorge syndrome: CATCH 22
- Wiskott Aldrich def, etio, CF dx
- tx of wiskott
- difference between ointments, creams, lotions, and solutions
- Anti inflammatory topical agents
- tx of seborrheic dermatitis
- psoriasis etio CF, Tx
- Cx features of types of erythema multiforme
- cx of course of parvo
- morbilliform and scarlatiniform
- Roseola
- VZV infection
- HSV1 and HSV2
- Tx of neonatal HSV and cutaneous and oral HSV
- causes of hypopigmentation
- classfication of hypotonia
- peripheral hypotonia causes
- weak cry, tongue fasciculations, bell shaped chest, frog leg posture, hypotonia, weakness, normal EOM, nl sensory
- bulbar weakness and paralysis 12-48 hours after ingestion, constipation first sxs, ophthalmoplegia, hyporeflexia, hypotonia, paralysis is symmetric and descending
- hydrocephalus defn, types, etio
- CF of hydrocephalus
- in children <5 yo what is MCC of coma? older children?
- b/l dilated nonreactive pupils causes b/l constricted reactive pupils
- eval of coma
- Causes of acute sz during childhood(7)
- Classification of szs
- eval of afebrile and febrile sz
- dx of febrile szs
- eplieptic syndromes(3 MC)
- INfantile spasms(West syndrome)
- benign rolandic epilepsy
- Intracranial and extracranial HA in childhood
- ddx of ataxia
- DDx of cerebellar ataxia(7)
- Acute cerebellar ataxia of childhood
- dx of GBS
- smooth philtrum, cardiac defects, MR, short nose, thin lip, flat face, microcephaly, SGA
- protruding tongue, clinodactyly, MR, brachycephaly, flat face, small ears, heart defects, upslanting palpebrals
- deafness, ocular defects, nephritis
- causes of amblyopia
- neonatal conjunctivitis(ophthalmia neonatorum)
- c trachomatis neonatal conjunctivitis
- N gonorrhoeae neonatal conjunctivits
- HSV neonatal conjunctivitis
- DDx of red teary eye in newborn
- red eye in older infants and children
- bacterial conjunctivitis causes, CF, dx
- Viral conjunctivits etio, CF, types
- hemorrhagic conjunctivitis nsg 6435 final
- Blepharitis etio, CF, dx, tx
- nasolacrimal duct obstruction(NLD obstruction)
- retinal hemorrhage nsg 6435 final
- corneal abrsion etio, CF, dx, management
- congenital glaucoma
- retinopathy of prematurity
- leukocoria causes
- congenital cataract etio tx
- Strabismus nsg 6435 final
- MCC of cardiac arrest in a child is lack of ____ supply
- different types of shock
- PE findings in shock
- Labs in shock
- Degrees of burns
- types of drowning
- CF of drowning
- miosis drugs
- mydriasis drugs
- drugs that cause fever
- labs in suspect toxic exposure
- management of toxin exposure
- ACAP poisoning management
- Salicylates Pathophysiology
- CF of salicylate posioning nsg 6435 final
- lab findings in salicylate posioning
- management of salicylate posioning
- 577.Pathophysiology of iron OD
- Management of iron OD
- stages of ACAP ingestion
- Stages of Iron toxicity
- CF of lead poisoning acutely
- tx for lead toxicity nsg 6435 final
- pathophysiology of caustic agents: acids and alkalis
- tx of caustic agents
- dog bites CF, tx
- black widow spider poisonings
- preterm frequent problems
- breast milk jaundice nsg 6435 final
- aundice should always be evaluated under what circumstances:
- Esophageal atresia w/ TEF MC assoc w/…
- omphalocele assoc w/ what other congenital anomalies
- MC obstruction in neonatal period nsg 6435 final
- hypoglycemia is what serum glucose concentration
- conditions that cause dec glucose production or substrate supply
- which disease presents similarly to marfans
- DIM PED-PKU sxs nsg 6435 final
- CORE-Tyrosinemia type I sxs
