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NSG 5003 Final Exam Week 10: Advanced Pathophysiology: South University

1. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
2. What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?
3. Which statement is a description of one of the characteristics of apoptosis?
4. During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because:
5. What is an effect of ionizing radiation exposure?
6. options: chapter 3 q.2 ?Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling. The metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than those of lean adults. The rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than those of lean adults. The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively.
7. In addition to osmosis, what force is involved in the movement of water between the plasma and interstitial fluid spaces?
8. Venous obstruction is a cause of edema because of an increase in which pressure?
9. At the arterial end of capillaries, fluid moves from the intravascular space into the interstitial space because:
10. It is true that natriuretic peptides:
11. What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma in hypernatremia?
12. A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses is the ratio between:
13. In hyperkalemia, what change occurs to the cells’ resting membrane potential?
14. Physiologic pH is maintained at approximately 7.4 because bicarbonate (HCO3) and carbonic acid (H2CO3) exist in a ratio of:
15. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure results in edema because of:
16. Hypomethylation and the resulting effect on oncogenes result in:
17. The functions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and CD1 molecules are alike because both:
18. The B-cell receptor (BCR) complex functions uniquely by:
19. The generation of clonal diversity includes a process that:
20. Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of the:
21. What is the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity reactions?. Question 22 (5 points)
22. When soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation, tissue damage is a result of:
23. Considering the hypothalamus, a fever is ……
24. Vaccines against viruses are ……
25. Carcinoma in situ is characterize by which changes?
26. Two “hits” are …..to inactivate tumor-suppressor genes because:
27. What is the skin-related health risk …..by some types of chemotherapy?
28. options: a) Infection b) Ultraviolet damage c) Pain d) Erythema
29. When a child is …..with cancer, which intervention has the greatest influence on the child’s mortality rate?
30. Reflex activities …….with the heart rate, blood pressure, respirations, sneezing, swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of the brain?
31. The edema of the upper cervical cord after a spinal cord injury is …..life threatening because of which possible outcome?
32. What term is use to describe the complication that can result from a spinal cord injury above T6 that is producing paroxysmal hypertension, as well as piloerection and sweating above the spinal cord lesion?
33. Atheromatous plaques are most commonly found:
34. Multiple sclerosis is best describe as:
35. Graves disease develops from:
36. Pathologic changes ……with Graves disease include nsg 5003 final exam
37. A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20, serum glucose 500 mg/dl, positive urine glucose and ketones, serum potassium (K ) 2 mEq/L, and serum sodium (Na ) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the “flu” for a week.
38. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency?
39. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is best described as:
40. The common hay fever allergy is …..through a reaction that is …..by which class of immunoglobulins?
41. Hypoglycemia, followed by rebound hyperglycemia, is …..in those with:
42. Which structure is lined with columnar epithelial cells
43. Which statement best describes a Schilling test?
44. In aplastic anemia (AA), pancytopenia develops as a result of which of the following?
45. Which statement is true regarding warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
46. Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother:
47. When diagnosed with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), why does the newborn develop hyperbilirubinemia after birth but not in utero?
48. How does angiotensin II increase the workload of the heart after a myocardial infarction (MI)?
49. What event is a characteristic of the function in Zone I of the lung?
50. What factor associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) causes an infant to bruise and bleed easily?