Description

NR 601 Midterm Exam Study Guide

Chapter 1: Changes with Aging – Notes

• Fundamental Considerations
• Physiological Changes with Aging
• Laboratory Values in Older Adults
• Pharmacokinetic & Pharmacodynamic Changes
• Absorption
• Distribution
• Metabolism
• Elimination
• Pharmacodynamics
• Presenting Features of Illness & Disease In The Elderly
• Chronic Illness & Functional Capacity

Chapter 1: Changes with Aging – Review Questions

• Reference ranges or values are those intervals in which 95 % of the values fall within a specific population.
• All of the following statements are true about renal function in the elderly except: serum creatinine is a sensitive indicator of renal impairment.
• Of all the pharmacokinetic changes associated with aging, which is the most significant?
• Esophageal erosions can be caused by drugs when:
• Biotransformation of drugs primarily occurs in:
• Changes in renal function associated with aging are most likely to result in:
• All of the following drugs are known to be nephrotoxic except:
• Under reporting of symptoms occurs generally when the elderly:
• The most prevalent chronic disease in the elderly is:

Chapter 3: Exercise in Older Adults – Notes

• Americans more than 65 years now represent the most rapidly growing segment of the US population.
• These numbers will increase exponentially.
• Anticipate skyrocketing of medical costs for chronic health conditions.
• Lifestyle interventions at any age can mitigate the effects of chronic illness.
• There has been an increase in obesity in older adults, from 22% in 1994 to 38% in 2009-2010.
• Available Resources
• Barriers and Facilitators to Exercise for Older Adults
• Patient Barriers
• Patient Facilitators
• Medical contraindications for Exercise Therapy
• Plan for Incorporating Exercise into Patient Encounter
• Key Guidelines for Safe Physical Activity (Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee, 3008)
• Examples of common Health Conditions in Older Adults with Exercise Recommendations

Chapter 3: Exercise in Older Adults – Questions

• Strategies to promote increased physical activity:
• Additional data:
• National guidelines to consider?
• Screening tools?
• POC

Chapter 8: Chest Disorders – Notes

Chapter 8: Chest Disorders – Questions

• Additional subjective information you will ask?
• Additional objective information you will examine?
• DDx:
• Radiological examinations or additional diagnostic studies?
• Treatment and prescription:
• Potential complications from treatment:
• Additional laboratory tests to consider?
• Looking for a consult?

Chapter 5: Symptoms & Syndromes – CP – Notes

• Etiology:
• Occurrence:One of the most common causes of ER visits – 5 million/year.
• Age:Risk increases with age due to CAD, HTN, lung cancer, cardiac arrhythmias, DM, recent immobilization.
• Gender:Atypical presentation common in females.
• Ethnicity:
• Contributing factors:
• Signs and symptoms:
• Diagnostic tests:
• DDx:
• Treatment:
• Follow Up:
• Sequelae:A
• Prevention & prophylaxis:
• Referral:
• Education:

Chapter 5: Signs & Symptoms – Questions

• Additional information from history?
• Potential contributors to constipation?
• What physical exam is indicated?
• Diagnostic testing?
• Non pharmacological treatments to consider?

Chapter 2: Health Promotion – Questions

• Risk factors for cardiovascular disease:
• Problem list:
• Included in primary care visit:
• Tests & Screenings:
• Recommended interventions