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HSCO 502 Exam 2

1. Beliefs about sex differences sometimes are supported by research and sometimes are not. Which of the following gender stereotypes is not supported by research?
2. According to research, in middle childhood, academic competence, athletic competence physica appearence , peer acceptance and behavioral conduct are important to the development of self- esteem. Which one of these domains have been proven to be more important that the others?
3. The internalization of rules and standards of behavior is most closely associated with the development of
4. Males are less likely to survive than females, both before and after birth. One important reason is that
5. Males are more vulnerable to disorders caused by X-linked recessive alleles than females.
6. Some research shows that cultural values and goals shape the kinds of discipline that parents use with their children. One example is that Puerto Rican mothers wanted their children to recognize their obligations and connectedness to others; their goals for their children were more than the goals of European American mothers Selected Answer: sociocentric
7. Video response. Review the video on, page 376 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct.
8. One gender-related characteristic of peer evaluations is that
9. Boys are more likely than girls to be rejected for behaving in gender-inconsistent ways.
10. The pituitary begins to stimulate other glands to release hormones into the bloodstream.
11. Which of the following parenting styles is most closely associated with positive outcomes in psychosocial development and school achievement for adolescents?
12. High levels of parental monitoring and control are associated with which of the following outcomes regardless of ethnicity or social class?
13. When data are analyzed together from a large number of different studies on the same question, like “are there sex differences in nurturing tendencies,” the report is called a
14. Which of the following therapeutic approaches is designed to help children develop their perspective taking and friendship skills?
15. Piaget’s description of the differences between preoperational thought (characteristic of preschool aged children) and concrete operational thought (characteristic of elementary school aged children), includes which of the following?
16. Preoperational thought is centered, but concrete operational thought is decentered.
17. The unique state of instability and anxiety in adolescence, brought on by body changes, emerging sexual needs, hormonal shifts, cognitive changes, and changing maturity demands, is referred to as
18. A person who perceives neutral events as containing aggressive or threatening meaning is said to possess a
19. At what age would a young child typically show self-recognition, the ability to recognize themselves in a mirror?
20. A cognitive change during middle childhood that is characterized by improved declarative, procedural, and conditional knowledge is know as
21. Recent research on the self-system supports the idea that the self is in nature. Selected Answer: multidimensional
22. Which of the following is a temperamental characteristic that is associated with prosocial behavior? Selected Answer: Low social anxiety.
23. Video response. Review the video on, page 261 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct.
24. Biological females with two X chromosomes are sometimes born with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), which causes their external genitalia to appear more like those of a male. They may be misidentified at birth and raised as males. If the correct identification is not made before age 3, physicians often advise parents to continue raising the child as a boy, because the child’s gender identity may be difficult to change after age 3. The experiences of CAH girls and other gender atypical children have helped demonstrate that
25. When Sammy had to learn the names of all the planets, as well as their relative sizes, he made up sentences to help him create meaningful links between the concepts. For example, “Eartha ate the Mars candy bar” helped him remember that Earth is larger than Mars. Sammy was using a memory strategy called
26. Self-esteem has been mistakenly touted as the “holy grail” of mental health, and this has meant that
27. Many preventive and remedial efforts have focused directly on improving low self-esteem.
28. Moral development and religious experience are equivalent, in order to develop morally, own must have a religious affiliation.
29. What is the “two-pronged approach” to helping adolescents with their behavioral, social, or academic problems?
30. The ability to restrain or redirect a strong impulse in order to perform a less-preferred response is called
31. Which of the following statements is FALSE with regard to the onset of menarche? Selected Answer: Girls who are very athletic are likely to have earlier onset of menarche.
32. Which statement about children’s antisocial behavior is INCORRECT: Selected Answer: Empathy is linked to the control of aggression.
33. Brain developments in the adolescent period include which of the following? Selected Answer: Continued myelination .
34. According to Crittendon’s model, infants encode early experiences of care-giving in the form of Selected Answer: procedural memories.
35. When considering identity status, which statement is TRUE?
36. What kind of peer intervention is least likely to be helpful to troubled teens?
37. Moving troubled teens to a new school so that they are separated from at-risk peers.
38. One factor that promotes self-esteem among minority group members is Selected Answer: A strong and positive racial or ethnic identity.
39. Which of the following is a difference between working memory and long-term memory?
40. Working memory has a limited capacity whereas long-term memory has almost unlimited capacity.
41. Video response. Review the video on, page 173 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct.
42. When Marla, age 14, decides that she is a good writer because she gets better grades than her friend Jenna on stories she writes for English, she is demonstrating the use of as part of identity formation.
43. Which of the following is true with regard to the way coping styles relate to depression?
44. Distraction shortens episodes of depression by shortening the time spent focusing on negative events and thus lessening their intensity.
45. Which of the following emotions develops only after a child has a mental representation of him or herself as a separate person?
46. Sabrina and Bethany are both members of the same crowd in high school, which means that Selected Answer: They share interests, attitudes, behaviors, and appearance characteristics.
47. Stanley is 7 years old. His parents are quite concerned about his school progress. Although he has begun to learn to read, he reverses some letters when he writes. Based on research, Stanley’s school counselor should tell his parents that
48. Which of the following is more typical of boys’ sex-segregated groups than of girls’ sex segregated groups?
49. For an adolescent engaging in risky behavior (e.g., alcohol use), one strategy that counselors can use is to introduce dissonance into the discussion. Before a counselor can do so effectively, she must
50. Which of the following elements is most closely associated with the concept of the imaginary audience?