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BIO 1020 Patho Final Exam

1. Which symptom is related to tuberculosis (TB)?
2. Why is the incidence of strokes rising every year?
3. What is the mode of transmission for the hepatitis D virus?
4. Which specific sign or symptom indicates that a client is suffering from varicose veins?
5. How would you show your understanding of the fact that vaginal candidiasis a side effect of long-term antibiotic use?
6. What is hypocapnea?
7. While assessing a 7-year-old female client, the primary health-care provider finds that the client has enlargement of the breasts, erection of the nipples, and development of pubic hair. Which hormonal levels can be found high in the client?
8. Which virus caused the Spanish flu epidemic of 1918 that took many lives?
9. Which condition is caused by an increase in the amount of potassium in the blood?
10. After assessing a client, a nurse finds that the client has a growth of cancer cells in the bladder, rectum, and other parts of the body. Which stage of cervical cancer should the nurse expect in the client?
11. While reviewing the medication chart of a client, the nurse finds that the client is on a therapy to decrease the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Which disorder will the nurse suspect in the client?
12. What is the other name for white blood cells?
13. Based on what would you justify that rubella causes teratogenic side effects?
14. A 78-year-old man presents to his physician for evaluation of edema. He reports a 3-month history of peripheral edema. Which edema may have developed in the client?
15. Which is the most malignant type of brain tumor?
16. Which component of the blood is involved during an inflammatory response due to a respiratory burst from the mitochondria?
17. Which acts as a blue print for the construction of proteins?
18. Which pulmonary condition is caused by infiltration of bacteria, resulting in a localized area of purulent inflammation, tissue necrosis, and central area of liquefaction?
19. What percentage of filtered electrolytes is reabsorbed at the loop of Henle?
20. While assessing a child, a nurse finds that the child has otitis media. Which other finding in the child should the nurse associate with otitis media?
21. Where does maturation of T lymphocytes occur?
22. A nurse observes that a newborn has an abnormally positioned urethral orifice of the penis. Which disorder will the nurse suspect in the newborn?
23. A 30-year-old client who presents with symptoms of redness, heat, and pain in the joints undergoes a complete blood count test. The blood report shows an increased white blood cell count. Which condition does this indicate?
24. Which endocrine disorder involves treatment using antithyroid hormone medication such as propylthiouracil (PTU)?
25. While assessing a client with a musculoskeletal disorder, the nurse abducts the client’s arm to 90 degrees and places anteriorly directed force on the posterior humeral head from behind. Which test is the nurse performing?
26. The nurse is providing care for four clients diagnosed with different gastrointestinal disorders.
27. The student nurse is performing a Babinski reflex test in a client to assess his or her neurologic system. Which is the correct interpretation by the student nurse?
28. Which statement best differentiates cardiac afterload from cardiac preload?
29. A nurse is assessing a client who has severe pain in the shoulder, which radiates down the arm. The nurse notes that the client has ptosis, miosis, and enopthalmus. The laboratory reports of the client indicate the presence of lesions on the thoracic inlet. What should the nurse interpret from these findings?
30. Which type of calculi in the ureter is found most often in clients with spinal cord injuries?
31. Which is an example of passive acquired adaptive immunity?
32. Which factors may lead to an acute inflammation of the pancreas?
33. Pain is an unpleasant sensation that is associated with disease. The process by which people experience pain occurs in four phases. Choose the first phase that converts painful stimuli into neuronal impulses.
34. A client presents with a specific type of renal calculi that is not widely prevalent. The nurse knows that this client has been undergoing chemotherapy as part of his or her treatment for cancer. Which is an associated characteristic of the type of renal calculi that is most likely to be present in this client?
35. Which microorganism causes inclusion conjunctivitis?
36. A primary health care provider performs a digital rectal exam in a client who is diagnosed with colon cancer and finds that the tumor has invaded into the visceral peritoneum. Which stage of colon cancer should a nurse document in the client’s medical record according to Dukes classification?
37. Which fact would you select to justify why both the Ebola and Marburg viruses are classified as Category A bioterrorism agents?
38. A client suffering from an asthma attack is brought to the emergency department. The client’s body temperature is 98.4ºF, pulse rate is 110 beats/minute, respiratory rate is 24 shallow breaths/minute, and the blood pressure is 136/86 mm Hg. Arterial blood gas values are also documented.
39. The cellular organelle responsible for propelling mucous and inhaled debris out of the lungs is
40. A client is hospitalized for diarrhea. Arterial blood gas values of the client are documented.
41. Which clinical sign signifies leukocytosis?
42. Which cultural and ethnic group of Americans has a lower risk of stroke when compared to other cultural and ethnic groups of Americans?
43. What factor would contribute to a client having a high hemoglobin count?
44. Which congenital condition occurs due to thyroid hormone deficiency during embryonic development and early neonatal life?
45. Which immunity is developed by an individual after experiencing an illness?
46. Which disease is spread from human to human via droplet infections through coughing or sneezing?
47. Which type of melanoma is characterized by deep, penetrative growth and early metastasis?
48. Which cranial nerve senses the flow of endolymph fluid in the ear?
49. Which condition causes pseudohypocalcemia?
50. The nursing instructor is teaching a group of student nurses about the treatment plan for Crohn’s disease. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?
51. Which diagnostic test is most preferred to detect liver cancer?
52. The nurse finds a note stating “Reduction in 15% to 20% from the original stomach size” while reviewing the medical record of an obese client. Which surgical procedure can the nurse expect for this client?
53. A client who recently underwent an abdominal surgery is scheduled for an immediate surgery due to a wound healing complication. What is the complication of healing that the client might have developed?
54. Which birthmarks are characterized by pink, patch-like lesions that occur from permanent blood vessel abnormalities?
55. What is a characteristic feature of ulcerative colitis?
56. Which finding is associated with ectropion?
57. A client who is unconscious due to drug toxicity is brought to the emergency room. The client’s vital signs include a body temperature of 97.8ºF, pulse rate of 90 beats/minute, respiratory rate of 12 breaths/minute, and blood pressure of 100/70 mm Hg. The arterial blood gas values of the client are also documented.
58. The registered nurse is teaching about portal hypertension to a group of student nurses. Which statement by the student nurse indicates the need for further teaching?
59. The registered nurse is teaching about the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to student nurses. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?
60. Which wave in the electrocardiogram represents ventricular repolarization?
61. Which type of cancer is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV)?
62. While reviewing a client’s medical history, a nurse understands that the client is at risk of bleeding because the client’s platelet count is 80,000/uL. Which condition is this?
63. Which clinical manifestation is observed in a client who has an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture?
64. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis as he or she ascends a mountain during a long, steep climb. What is the reason for these symptoms?
65. What percentage of the body’s cardiac output is received by the kidneys?
66. Where does the liver release its bile?
67. .Which is a normal blood pH?
68. A client comes to the hospital with reports of chest pain due to lymphoma. Reports show that the lymphoma cells have a rapid growth, but are curable. How would this lymphoma be classified?
69. A nurse is assessing a client with a short but thick neck circumference. Which form of cardiopulmonary disorder can the nurse suspect in the client?
70. A registered nurse is teaching nursing students about the normal level for central venous pressure. Which statement made by one of the student nurses indicates effective learning?
71. Which diagnostic finding is most likely to be observed in a client with aplastic anemia?
72. Which condition is related to ankylosing spondylitis?
73. How does Ebstein’s anomaly lead to a small right ventricular chamber?
74. Which disease can cause iritis and pulmonary fibrosis?
75. Which component separates the two labyrinths from each other?
76. A registered nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about synovial fluid. Which statement made by a student nurse indicates the need for further teaching?
77. A client with an infection was brought to the hospital. The complete blood count with differential report shows a white blood cell count of 3,000/uL. Which condition has the client developed?
78. Which component enables the blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable during the vascular phase of inflammation?
79. The nurse is assessing a client with complaints of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and discomfort. The nurse finds that the abdomen is firm and peristalsis is visible. The laboratory reports show electrolyte imbalances. Which condition does the nurse anticipate in the client?
80. IgA is found most in
81. A nurse is caring for a client with chronic venous insufficiency. Which instruction is appropriate to include in the client’s care plan?
82. Which theory explains apoptosis of the ovary?
83. A client who is scheduled for a hysteroscopy asks a nurse about the procedure involved in this technique. Which statement made by the client indicates effective understanding?
84. Which condition would a nurse expect in a client with polycythemia vera?
85. Pain that is dull or aching and that occurs in certain parts of the body is referred to as deep somatic pain. Explain how somatic pain is different from other pain.
86. Which complication should be suspected in a client who has an obstruction of the common bile duct?
87. Which type of renal calculi is caused by a genetic disorder associated with the faulty metabolism of an amino acid?
88. Which neurotransmitter dysfunction has been implicated in Tourette’s syndrome?
89. What is the purpose of a Greenfield filter?
90. How long does a typical wave of renal colic last?
91. Individuals with which tissue types are at high risk for developing Goodpasture’s syndrome in the kidney and lungs?